清华大学学位论文服务系统

当前，以“流量”为导向的粉丝文化，日益成为我国大众文化领域中的重要文化现象，伴随着这一文化现象的崛起，粉丝的情感劳动也逐渐兴起并被关注到。基于这一背景，本文将运用“传播政治经济学—文化研究”双重视角的理论框架，以传播政治经济学中对情感劳动的讨论为主，同时引入文化研究中对于消费、文化维度以及受众的主体性的关注，探讨“流量明星”的粉丝文化特征、粉丝如何被商品化，以及这些特征和商品化过程如何影响粉丝情感劳动的形成、特征和剥削机制，并对从这些过程中体现出的粉丝的主体性进行讨论。本文主要采用质的研究方法，在虚拟民族志方法的指导下通过参与式观察和半结构式访谈收集研究数据，运用质性研究分析软件Nvivo对访谈数据进行了整理、分析和编码，主要以此为依据建构结论。研究发现，数字技术的发展导致“明星—粉丝”关系发生变化，粉丝被赋予了一定程度上能够决定明星前途与命运的权力，因此，出于对明星的喜爱，粉丝会在情感、流量逻辑和技术的驱动下，进行一些并不完全为自己服务的劳动，粉丝的劳动的异化逐渐形成并加深。在这一过程中，粉丝的情感被卷入了资本生产和再生产的过程之中，成为资本进行增值的工具，同时，粉丝的情感和自我表达被压制，粉丝的情感在这一过程中逐渐异化。但是，通过访谈及参与式观察的分析发现，在粉丝的情感劳动当中，同时也存在着积极的主体性生产，粉丝能够从追星的文化实践当中实现自我增值，因此，粉丝的情感劳动不是一种单向剥削过程，而是一种剥削与积极的主体性生产动态交织的过程。同时，粉丝的情感、劳动和数字技术之间持续不断的互动，塑造着粉丝的行为和思维方式，粉丝群体内部达成了基于“流量逻辑”的共识，粉丝在情感的推动下，不断进行着被算法技术形塑的情感劳动，形成了当前中国独特的粉丝文化和情感劳动现象。在理论层面，本研究运用“传播政治经济学—文化研究”双重视角的理论框架探讨粉丝的情感劳动问题，揭示了粉丝情感劳动如何发生、如何被剥削、如何进行积极的主体性生产，将情感劳动置于一种剥削与赋权的动态关系之中去看待。在实践层面，本研究关注了粉丝作为研究对象的主体性，丰富了粉丝研究的相关视角，并从这一视角出发，为当前粉丝文化的良性发展提出了建议。

The popular fan culture is rising in the popular cultural environment of China, and at the same time, the affective labor of fans is rising gradually. From the dual perspective of the political economy of communication （PEC） and cultural studies which develops PEC on the discussion of affective labor, this research relies on the theoretical framework of culture, consumption and the subjectivity of audiences in cultural studies to probe into the issue. This study discusses the features of social media stars’ fan culture, that how fans are commercialized and explores the mechanism of how affective labor forms, plays, and deprives within the young generation. This study mainly follows the qualitative methodology, along with virtual ethnography and operates with the help of the qualitative research analysis software Nvivo to code and analyze the interview transcripts. The study finds that due to the change of the ＂Star- Fan＂ relationship caused by digital technology, fans are empowered to decide the career of stars to some level. Therefore, out of their love for stars, fans who are driven by their emotions will carry out some labor that does not completely serve them, and their labor is gradually alienated. In this process, the emotion of fans is involved in the process of capital production and reproduction, and becomes a tool for capital appreciation. At the same time, the emotion and self-expression of fans are suppressed, and the emotion of fans is gradually alienated in this process.However, it is found that in the affective labor of fans, there is also active subjectivity production, and fans can improve their values through cultural practice. Fans‘ affective labor is not a one-way exploitation process, but it produces dynamics that interweave the process of exploitation and positive subjective production. At the same time, the characteristics of fan culture are deeply influenced by digital technology. The continuous interaction between fans‘ emotions, labor, and digital technology shapes their behavior and ways of thinking, forming the unique fan culture and affective labor in China. Theoretically, from the dual perspective of PEC and cultural studies, this study explores the affective labor of fans and reveals how fans‘ affective labor occurs, how to be exploited, and how to carry out active subjective production, and puts affective labor in a kind of exploitation and empowerment. In practice, this study focuses on the subjectivity of fans as the research object, enriches the relevant perspective of fans research, and puts forward suggestions for the healthy development of fan culture.

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