张蕴岭：中日关系如何走出安全困境？

2022年是中日邦交正常化50周年，在“东升西降”的世界大趋势下，中日两国如何构建面向未来的新型关系？中国社会科学院学部委员，山东大学讲席教授、国际问题研究院院长，北京大学中外人文交流研究基地学术委员张蕴岭撰文指出，“双方应努力摆脱历史惯性和传统思维方式，着眼未来，着眼大局，推动合作协商。只有这样，两国才能走出因战略竞争的旧思维而陷入的‘安全困境’。”

China and Japan normalized their bilateral ties in 1972 and signed their Treaty of Peace and Friendship in 1978. By learning from the past, the two nations turned a new leaf in bilateral ties and set the general direction of developing peaceful and friendly relations.

1972年，中日邦交正常化。1978年，中日签署和平友好条约。中日两国以史为鉴，开创了双边关系的新局面，确立了发展和平友好关系的大方向。

As close neighbors, China and Japan had records of friendly exchanges in ancient times but China also suffered from Japanese aggression in modern times. Some postwar issues that should have been resolved after the two countries normalized bilateral ties, such as Japan's view of history and the sovereignty of the Diaoyu Islands, have been left over. These issues have caused negative impacts on the development of their relations. To resolve these thorny problems requires wisdom and joint efforts. How Japan views China's rise is also shaping their relations.Fundamentally, the crux of bilateral relations is whether the two nations can forge a new type of future-oriented ties under the new situation of China's rise.

中日两国是近邻，自古就有友好交往的历史。近代中国也曾遭受日本侵略。一些本应在两国关系正常化后解决的战后遗留问题，如日本的历史观、钓鱼岛主权归属等问题给两国关系的发展带来了负面影响。解决这些棘手问题需要智慧和共同努力。日本如何看待中国的崛起也影响着两国关系。从根本上说，两国关系的症结在于，在中国崛起的新形势下，两国能否构建面向未来的新型关系。

The general trend of the times is that the dominance of the West is declining, and the overall strength of the developing world is rising.The postwar international order dominated by the United States and its Western allies is being reshaped. In this process, the world is facing the choice between trying to maintain the hegemony of the West and working together to build a more inclusive and fairer global order.

当今世界的大趋势是“东升西降”，即西方的主导地位在下降，发展中国家的综合实力在增强。由美国及其西方盟友主导的战后国际秩序正在重塑。在这个过程中，世界面临着维护西方霸权和共同构建更加包容、更加公平的国际秩序的选择。

China is the largest and fastest-growing developing country, and also the biggest driver of global economic growth. China's economic rise over the past decades is the result of its joining the global economy and integrating into the world system while being committed to its path of peaceful development.China is striving for its own interests through competition, but it neither seeks exclusive interests nor hampers the development of other countries. China is expanding its influence and promoting a new type of international relations and global order, but it doesn't pursue hegemony; instead, it advocates win-win cooperation.

中国是世界上最大、增长最快的发展中国家，也是世界经济增长的最大引擎。过去几十年，中国经济的崛起，是中国在坚持走和平发展道路的同时，融入全球经济、融入世界体系的结果。中国在竞争中谋求自身利益，但不谋求排他性利益，也不妨碍别国发展。中国正在扩大影响力，推动构建新型国际关系和国际秩序，但中国不谋求霸权；相反，中国主张合作共赢。

Despite its peaceful rise, China's rapid growth has raised concerns in the West. The US regards China as a strategic rival and attempts to contain its rise via comprehensive strategic competition with China.A US-China confrontation would endanger world peace, and jeopardize global cooperation in areas such as shifting to a new development paradigm, responding to climate change, and building a fairer global order. If Japan views a rising China as a threat and jumps on the US' anti-China bandwagon, it will only exacerbate the differences that exist between the two countries and make the already delicate situation more risky.

尽管和平崛起，但中国的快速增长引起了西方的担忧。美国视中国为战略对手，试图通过与中国的全面战略竞争遏制中国的崛起。中美对抗将危及世界和平，并危及正在转向新发展模式、应对气候变化、建立更公平的全球秩序等领域的全球合作。如果日本视中国的崛起为威胁，加入美国的反华浪潮，只会加剧两国之间固有的分歧，使本已微妙的局势更加危险。

China and Japan must evaluate their bilateral ties without losing sight of the overall picture. The two sides should endeavor to build a new type of future-oriented relationship that is conducive to world peace and development. It is in the fundamental interests of both countries to promote peaceful coexistence.After the end of World War II, Japan learned lessons from its wartime mistakes, and embarked on a path of peaceful development, which won high acclaim from the global community. China, which has a long-standing tradition of valuing harmony and peace, is pursuing the construction of a community with a shared future for mankind. The two countries should strive to reach a consensus through dialogue and consultation, and turn it into actions.

中日双方要从大局出发来看待两国关系。双方应该努力构建面向未来、有利于世界和平与发展的新型国家关系。促进两国和平共处符合两国的根本利益。二战结束后，日本从战争错误中吸取教训，走上了和平发展的道路，受到国际社会的高度评价。中国素有“和为贵”的历史传统，正在推动构建人类命运共同体。中日双方应努力通过对话协商达成共识，并将其转化为实际行动。

As this year marks the 50th anniversary of the normalization of Sino-Japanese ties, the two neighbors should seize the opportunity to engage with each other in a wide range of areas — such as political, business, military and intellectual circles — and across all strata of society.The two should strive to break away from the inertia of history and the traditional way of thinking and push for cooperation and consultation with their eyes set firmly on the future, keeping the overall picture in mind.Only in this way can the two countries walk out of the "security dilemma" they are caught in due to the old mindset of strategic competition.

今年是中日邦交正常化50周年，两国应抓住机遇，在政治、商业、安全、知识界等广泛领域和社会各阶层开展交往。双方应努力摆脱历史惯性和传统思维方式，着眼未来，着眼大局，推动合作协商。只有这样，两国才能走出因战略竞争的旧思维而陷入的“安全困境”。

Today, China has surpassed Japan to become the world's second-largest economy. Japan's anxiety, suspicion and concern over China's rise, which is reinforced by its alliance with the United States, will influence the development of bilateral ties. On the other hand, China also faces the question of how to get along with a country that once inflicted immense suffering on it. China is disappointed at Japan's joining the US-led clique aimed at containing its rise. In such circumstances,the two countries should seek common ground while shelving differences to reduce confrontation and increase coordination and synergy.

今天，中国已经超过日本成为世界第二大经济体。日本对中国崛起的焦虑、怀疑和担忧，再加上日美同盟关系的强化，将影响两国关系的发展。另一方面，中国也面临着如何与一个曾经给自己带来巨大苦难的国家相处的问题。中国对日本加入以美国构建的旨在遏制中国崛起的集团感到失望。在这种情况下，两国更应求同存异，减少对抗，增加协调和合力。

Efforts should be made on several fronts to steer the Sino-Japanese relations onto the right track.

要从几个方面推动中日关系重回正确轨道。

First, they should preserve the foundation for normal economic exchanges and cooperation between the two countries, particularly the supply chains, and prevent an economic decoupling resulting from Japan's following the US' hard line on China.Second, they should build a high-level strategic dialogue mechanism, which allows the two sides to discuss matters of major concern and secure consensus on the handling of sensitive issues, thus avoiding the escalation of confrontation and conflicts. Japan must not cross the redline on the Taiwan question, which is the most sensitive issue in bilateral ties.Third, they should expand people-to-people exchanges and ameliorate the public sentiment in each country toward the other.

第一，维护中日两国正常经济交流合作，特别是要维护供应链合作的基础，防止日本追随美国对华强硬路线，导致经济“脱钩”；第二，建立高级别战略对话机制，就重大关切问题进行磋商，就敏感问题达成共识，避免对抗和冲突升级。台湾问题是中日关系中最敏感的问题，日方不能越界；第三，扩大人文交流，改善彼此的民意。

Since there is a real risk that ties between them could deteriorate further, the two sides must work together to prevent this from happening and push for the healthier development of their relations.

中日关系存在进一步恶化的切实风险，双方必须共同努力，防止这种情况发生，推动两国关系健康发展。

文章来源：山大国际观察

网址：张蕴岭：中日关系如何走出安全困境？ http://c.mxgxt.com/news/view/328117

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